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  2. Secretary problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_problem

    The cutoff rule (CR): Do not accept any of the first y applicants; thereafter, select the first encountered candidate (i.e., an applicant with relative rank 1). This rule has as a special case the optimal policy for the classical secretary problem for which y = r. Candidate count rule (CCR): Select the y-th encountered candidate. Note, that ...

  3. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.

  4. Optimal stopping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_stopping

    A key example of an optimal stopping problem is the secretary problem. Optimal stopping problems can often be written in the form of a Bellman equation , and are therefore often solved using dynamic programming .

  5. Westgard rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westgard_Rules

    They are a set of modified Western Electric rules, developed by James Westgard and provided in his books and seminars on quality control. [1] They are plotted on Levey–Jennings charts, wherein the X-axis shows each individual sample, and the Y-axis shows how much each one differs from the mean in terms of standard deviation (SD). The rules ...

  6. Fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction

    For example, if ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ represents a half-dollar profit, then − ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ represents a half-dollar loss. Because of the rules of division of signed numbers (which states in part that negative divided by positive is negative), − ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ , ⁠ −1 / 2 ⁠ and ⁠ 1 / −2 ⁠ all represent the same fraction – negative one-half.

  7. Expression (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_(mathematics)

    The same syntactic expression 1 + 2 × 3 can have different values (mathematically 7, but also 9), depending on the order of operations implied by the context (See also Operations § Calculators). For real numbers , the product a × b × c {\displaystyle a\times b\times c} is unambiguous because ( a × b ) × c = a × ( b × c ) {\displaystyle ...

  8. Law of multiple proportions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_multiple_proportions

    But in other cases, he got their formulas right. The following examples come from Dalton's own books A New System of Chemical Philosophy (in two volumes, 1808 and 1817): Example 1 — tin oxides: Dalton identified two types of tin oxide. One is a grey powder that Dalton referred to as "the protoxide of tin", which is 88.1% tin and 11.9% oxygen ...

  9. Law of tangents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_tangents

    In trigonometry, the law of tangents or tangent rule [1] is a statement about the relationship between the tangents of two angles of a triangle and the lengths of the opposing sides. In Figure 1, a , b , and c are the lengths of the three sides of the triangle, and α , β , and γ are the angles opposite those three respective sides.