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The knee joint contains two crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures, the menisci (medial and lateral), which serve as shock absorbers and stabilize the joint during movement. Each meniscus has an outer vascular zone (red-red zone), which has a good blood supply and healing potential as well as a central avascular zone (white-white zone ...
The McMurray test is named after Thomas Porter McMurray, [2] a British orthopedic surgeon from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century who was the first to describe this test. The description of the test has since been altered from the original by various authors. [3] Most commonly, varus and valgus stress to the knee is added. These ...
Diagnosis of lateral meniscus tear is done with McMurray's test. If a tear is detected, treatment depends on the type and size of the tear. Small tears can be treated conservatively, with rest, ice, and pain medications until the pain is under control, then exercise may be started with gradually increasing intensity, to improve range of motion ...
Apart from joint line tenderness, there are three other methods of accessing meniscus tear: the McMurray test, the Thessaly test, and the Apley grind test. In McMurray test, the person should lie down in supine position with the knee should in 90 degrees flexion. the examiner put one hand with the thumb and the index finger on the medial and ...
Similar tests are the Steinmann test (with the patient sitting) and the Apley grind test (a grinding maneuver while the person lies prone and the knee is bent 90°) and the Thessaly test (flexing the affected knee to 20 degrees, pivoting on the knee to see if the pain is reproduced). Bending the knee (into hyperflexion if tolerable), and ...
hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus Kocher's sign: Emil Theodor Kocher: ophthalmology, endocrinology: Hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, In fixation on a fast upwards movement there occurs a convulsive retraction of the eyelid Koebner's phenomenon: Heinrich Koebner: dermatology: various conditions ...
A positive test will show rotation of greater than 10-15° of rotation compared to the opposite knee. This is most easily assessed with a hand placed over the tibia while testing. When the patient is prone, the knee is flexed to 90° and both feet are externally rotated and compared, noting the difference from the non-injured joint.
Treatment typically involves rest and rehabilitation with a physical therapist. [6] Runners may need to switch to activities such as cycling or swimming. [3] Insoles may help some people. [3] Symptoms may last for years despite treatment. [3] Patellofemoral pain syndrome is the most common cause of knee pain, affecting more than 20% of young ...
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