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The hierarchy of caste and its role in politics and access to power and resources has created a society of patron-client relationships along caste lines. This eventually led to the practice of vote banking , where voters back only candidates that are in their caste, [ 12 ] or officials from which they expect to receive some kind of benefits.
The Scheduled Caste population in Pakistan is predominantly concentrated in the Sindh province and is considered to represent a substantial segment of the country's Hindu community. Although precise population figures vary due to differences in census data and demographic estimates, it is generally suggested that Scheduled Castes make up about ...
The Thaheem (sometimes spelled "Thahim") is a historical tribe and surname present in the Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. [1] [2] They are a tribe of Jats and are considered a politically dominant caste in Sindh. [3]
Members of Qazi family (Urdu: خاندان قاضی), of Sindh in politics: Qazi Abdul Majeed Abid (Qazi Abid), a four-time Federal Minister, Sindh Provincial Minister, and son of Qazi Abdul Qayyum; Fahmida Mirza, Speaker of the National Assembly, former Acting President of Pakistan, three-time Member of the National Assembly, and daughter of ...
Each broad caste level is a hierarchical order that is based on notions of purity, non-purity and impurity. It uses the concepts of defilement to limit contacts between caste categories and to preserve the purity of the upper castes. These caste categories have been exclusionary, endogamous and the social identity inherited. [85]
Barādarī, or Birādrī or Biraderi (Urdu: برادری), means Brotherhood and originates from the Persian word برادر Baradar, meaning "Brother".In Pakistan and India, it is used to denote a number of clans among South Asian Muslims.
Critics of feudalism have complained of a culture of feudal impunity, where local police will refuse to pursue charges against an influential landowning family even when murder or mayhem have been committed; [6] [8] of abuse of power by some landlords who may place enemies in "private prisons" and "enslave" local people through debt bondage; [1] the harming of progress and prosperity by ...
Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz (Urdu: پسماندہ مسلم محاذ, lit. ' Marginalised Muslim Front ') is an Indian Muslim activist organization based in Patna, Bihar.Founded in 1998, it represents the concerns of the "Pasmanda" Muslims, a new identity that integrates the Dalit Muslims (Arzals) and backward-caste Muslims (Ajlafs).