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The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) is the modern archaeological designation for a particular Middle Bronze Age civilisation of southern Central Asia, also known as the Oxus Civilization.
Female figurine. Mature Harappan period, 2700–2000 BCE. Indus civilization. National Museum, New Delhi. Indus Civilization pottery figure of horned deity. [1]The religion and belief system of the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) people have received considerable attention, with many writers concerned with identifying precursors to the religious practices and deities of much later Indian ...
An Indus Valley site has been found on the Oxus River at Shortugai in Afghanistan which is the northernmost site of the Indus Valley Civilisation, [29] in the Gomal River valley in northwestern Pakistan, [30] at Manda, Jammu on the Beas River near Jammu, [31] and at Alamgirpur on the Hindon River, only 28 km (17 mi) from Delhi. [32]
The romanized form Oxus reflects the Greek form of the name (Ὸξωι), while in Bactrian the god was known as Vaxš. [a] [4] On a unique coin of the Kushan king Huvishka, the form Oaxšo (OAXϷO) has been identified. [1] Oxus was considered the divine representation of the river he shared his name with, the modern Amu Darya.
The Amu Darya (/ ˌ ɑː m uː ˈ d ɑːr j ə / AH-moo DAR-yə), [a] (Persian: آمو دریا) also shortened to Amu and historically known as the Oxus (/ ˈ ɒ k s ə s / OK-səss), [2] [b] is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.
Shortugai (Shortughai), in Darqad District of northern Afghanistan, was a trading colony of the Indus Valley civilization (or Harappan Civilization) established around 2000 BC on the Oxus river (Amu Darya) near the lapis lazuli mines. [1] [2] It is considered to be the northernmost settlement of the Indus Valley Civilization. [3] [4]
The Indo-Greek Kingdom, also known as the Yavana Kingdom, [a] was a Hellenistic-era Greek kingdom covering various parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India.
Systems psychology is a branch of both theoretical psychology and applied psychology that studies human behaviour and experience as complex systems. It is inspired by systems theory and systems thinking , and based on the theoretical work of Roger Barker , Gregory Bateson , Humberto Maturana and others. [ 1 ]