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Oculomotor nerve palsy or oculomotor neuropathy [1] is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. As the name suggests, the oculomotor nerve supplies the majority of the muscles controlling eye movements (four of the six extraocular muscles, excluding only the lateral rectus and superior oblique).
The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III, is a cranial nerve that enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates extraocular muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid.
Diagram illustrating the locations of extraocular muscles and ocular cranial nerves. Paresis of the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) reduces the strength of medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles, while trochlear nerve (CNIV) and abducens nerve (CNVI) paralysis affect superior oblique muscle and lateral rectus muscle respectively.
The cranial nerve VI also has interneurons connecting to the medial rectus, which controls horizontal eye movement towards from the midline of the body. [4] Since the lateral rectus controls movement away from the center of the body, a lesion in the abducens nucleus disrupts the pathways controlling outward movements, not allowing the right eye ...
Schematic demonstrating the actions and cranial nerve innervation (in subscript) of extraocular muscles. Three antagonistic pairs of muscles control eye movement: the lateral and medial recti muscles, the superior and inferior recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles. These muscles are responsible for movement of the eye ...
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a prominent bundle of nerve fibres which pass within the ventral/anterior portion of periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain). [1] It contains the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, responsible for oculomotor control, head posture, and vertical eye movement. [2]
The three nerves that control the extraocular muscles are the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the trochlear nerve (CN IV), and the abducens nerve (CN VI). As the name suggests, the abducens nerve is responsible for abducting the eye, which it controls through contraction of the lateral rectus muscle .
A person may be born with the parts of the brain for eye movement control not working, or may manifest poor eye movement control in childhood. If any part of the brain that controls eye movement becomes damaged, then OMA may develop. [2] One of the potential causes is bifrontal hemorrhages.