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The tube was evacuated to different amounts and a series of images recorded. At the lowest pressure the image of the open slit was clear, while images of the mica covered slit or the open slit at higher pressures were fuzzy. Rutherford explained these results as alpha-particle scattering [8]: 260 in a paper published in 1906. [34]
Diagram of the Rutherford gold foil experiment. A fixed-target experiment in particle physics is an experiment in which a beam of accelerated particles is collided with a stationary target. The moving beam (also known as a projectile) consists of charged particles such as electrons or protons and is accelerated to relativistic speed .
English: Top: Expected results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. Bottom: Observed results: Some of the particles were deflected, and some by very large angles.
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Drawing on Rutherford's groundbreaking experiments in the early years of the 20th century, ideas for detecting quarks were formulated. Rutherford had proven that atoms had a small, massive, charged nucleus at their centre by firing alpha particles at atoms of gold. Most had gone through with little or no deviation, but a few were deflected ...
Special relativity explained how the mass defect is related to the energy produced or consumed in reactions. The branch of physics that studies transformations and the structure of nuclei is now called nuclear physics , contrasted to atomic physics that studies the structure and properties of atoms ignoring most nuclear aspects.
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