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The United States Army Northern Warfare Training Center (NWTC) is the name of a United States Army Alaska (USARAK) special skills training unit and facility located in Black Rapids, Alaska, managed out of Fort Wainwright. It is the Active Army's only cold region training proponent.
Cold injury (or cold weather injury) is damage to the body from cold exposure, including hypothermia and several skin injuries. [6] Cold-related skin injuries are categorized into freezing and nonfreezing cold injuries. [5] Freezing cold injuries involve tissue damage when exposed to temperatures below freezing (less than 0 degrees Celsius).
Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
All U.S. military branches have some type of cold/winter/mountain survival training originating from hard-learned lessons during the Korean War (see above and below). Dealing with cold conditions presents several unique content areas: Cold injuries: [49] frostbite, hypothermia, chilblains, immersion foot
Frostbite has been described in military history for millennia. The Greeks encountered and discussed the problem of frostbite as early as 400 BC. [11] Researchers have found evidence of frostbite in humans dating back 5,000 years, in an Andean mummy. Napoleon's Army was the first documented instance of mass cold injury in the early 1800s. [7]
The Battle of Chosin Reservoir was a stark example of cold affecting military operations in the Korean War. There were many cold injuries and malfunctions of materiel, both vehicles and weapons. [33] [34] The Sino-Indian War was a Himalayan border conflict between China and India that occurred in 1962.
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The Army responded that, though the 10th Mountain Division had been unprepared following its deployment as Task Force Eagle, that the unit was fully prepared for combat by late 2000 despite being undermanned. [83] Still, the Army moved the 10th Mountain Division down on the deployment list, allowing it time to retrain and refit. [81]