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Runway 13R at Palm Springs International Airport An MD-11 at one end of a runway. In aviation, a runway is an elongated, rectangular surface designed for the landing and takeoff of an aircraft. [1] Runways may be a human-made surface (often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or a natural surface (grass, dirt, gravel, ice, sand or salt).
The PAPI can be seen to the right (non-standard) side of the runway. The aircraft is slightly below the glideslope. A precision approach path indicator (PAPI) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway threshold that provides visual descent guidance information during final approach.
Runways are designated by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally one tenth of the magnetic azimuth of the runway's heading: a runway numbered 09 points east (90°), runway 18 is south (180°), runway 27 points west (270°) and runway 36 points to the north (360° rather than 0°). [11]
A map that was produced by the RAAF in June 1945 depicted a 138 degree runway that was a total of 5,350 feet long by 150 feet wide (approximately 1.63 km by 45.7m). [1] In addition to another 36 degree runway that ran 7000 feet long by 150 feet wide (approximately 2.14 km by 45.7m). [1]
The climbing flight path along the extended runway centerline which begins at takeoff and continues to at least 1/2 mile beyond the runway's departure end and not less than 300 feet below the traffic pattern altitude. The names of the legs are logical and based on the relative wind as seen looking down a runway facing into the wind.
[4] [5] At uncontrolled airports, pilots are recommended to broadcast their intentions while backtracking in the interest of safety; for example, the statement "Entering and backtracking runway 36" would indicate the aircraft is taxiing along a magnetic heading of 180 degrees, against the flow of traffic.
A composite image of an Alliance Airlines Fokker 70 on final approach at Christmas Island Airport, illustrating the approach slope to the runway. The term glide slope is sometimes used to mean approach slope, although in precise usage the glide slope is the vertical guidance element of the instrument landing system. [2]
Emission patterns of the localizer and glide slope signals Glide slope station for runway 09R at Hannover Airport in Germany. In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path ...