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A World War I British P Helmet, c. 1915 Zelinsky–Kummant protivogaz, designed in 1915, was one of the first modern-type full-head protection gas masks with a detachable filter and eyelet glasses, shown here worn by U.S. Army soldier (USAWC photo) Indian muleteers and mule wearing gas masks, France, February 21, 1940 A Polish SzM-41M KF gas mask, used from the 1950s through to the 1980s
The Zelinsky-Kummant gas mask was the world's first gas mask [1] which had the ability to absorb a wide range of chemical warfare agents. The gas mask was developed in 1915 by Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky and technologist of the Triangle plant M.I. Kummant. [2] The design was later improved by I. D. Avalov and entered mass production.
Garrett Augustus Morgan Sr. (March 4, 1877 – July 27, 1963) was an American inventor, businessman, and community leader.His most notable inventions were a type of three-way traffic signal in 1923, [1] and a protective 'smoke hood' [2] notably used in a 1916 tunnel construction disaster rescue.
Lt-Col Edward Frank Harrison C.M.G. (1869–1918) was an English chemical scientist, credited with the invention of the first serviceable gas mask during the First World War. Born in Camberwell, [1] Harrison, at the age of 14, was apprenticed to a pharmacist, at the end of which he was awarded the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's Jacob Bell ...
Earlier versions of the gas mask prior to 1915s development of the small box respirator were crude and ineffective as no troops had yet experienced poison warfare. One of the first gas masks seen in the early part of the war was the British hypo helmet, after recent failure and ineffectiveness of the black veil respirator. The helmet was ...
The only surviving copy of the first gas mask is in Zelinsky's apartment. [13] During an internship in Germany before the start of the war, Zelinsky synthesized chloropicrin for the first time, and became the first person to experience its toxic effects. Later, chloropicrin, discovered by Zelinsky, was widely used as a chemical warfare agent.
Cluny's gas mask, which came to be called the British Smoke Hood was used between June and September 1915, during which time some 2.5 million were produced. The German army used poison gas for the first time against Allied troops at the Second Battle of Ypres, Belgium on April 22, 1915. [5]
James B. Garner at age 45 around the time he invented the gas mask. Two associates of James Bert Garner wearing his original gas masks. James Bert Garner (September 2, 1870 – November 28, 1960) was an American chemical engineer and professor at the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research from 1914 until his retirement in 1957.