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Ready reckoner. A ready reckoner is a printed book or table containing pre-calculated values, often multiples of given amounts. They were widely used in shops and by tradesmen before the advent of cheap electronic calculators, metric weights and measures and decimal currencies in the 1970s.
Taxation in Pakistan is a complex system of more than 70 unique taxes administered by at least 37 agencies of the Government of Pakistan. [1] According to the FBR, in 2021, the number of registered tax filers had grown to 7.1 million out of which only 2.5 million were active tax filers.
The stepped reckoner or Leibniz calculator was a mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (started in 1673, when he presented a wooden model to the Royal Society of London [2] and completed in 1694). [1] The name comes from the translation of the German term for its operating mechanism, Staffelwalze ...
KIBOR. The Karachi Interbank Offered Rate (KIBOR) is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the Karachi wholesale (or "interbank") money market. [1] The banks used it as a benchmark in their lending to corporate sector.
Import duty. Custom duties are levied according to the rates given in the First Schedule, which includes: Goods imported to Pakistan. Goods purchased in bond from one custom station to another. Goods brought from a foreign country to any customs station that are trans-shipped or transported without the payment of duty to another customs station.
The State Bank of Pakistan then stabilized the exchange rate by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, to preserve the country's export competitiveness. 2008 was termed a disastrous year for the rupee after the elections: between December 2007 and August 2008, it lost 23% of its value, falling to a record low of Rs.79/ 20 against the US ...
The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition. In 2017, Pakistan's sex ratio stood at 105 males per 100 females, [3] which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.
The economy of Pakistanis categorized as a developing economy. It ranks as the 24th-largestbased on GDP using purchasing power parity(PPP) and the 46th largestin terms of nominal GDP. With a population of 241.5 million people as of 2023, Pakistan's position at per capita incomeranks 161st by GDP (nominal)and 138th by GDP (PPP)according to the ...