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Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium is characterized by the adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate. [3]: 788 The condition may be present at birth or acquired, and may cause pain with manipulation of small objects, typing, and close manicuring of the nail.
A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits (fingers and toes) of all primates, corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. . Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha-keratin, a polymer also found in the claws, hooves, and horns of ver
Distal subungual onychomycosis is the most common form of tinea unguium [2] and is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum, which invades the nail bed and the underside of the nail plate. White superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate. It accounts ...
The lunula (pl.: lunulae; from Latin 'little moon') is the crescent-shaped whitish area of the bed of a fingernail or toenail.. In humans, it appears by week 14 [1] of gestation, and has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate (the part of the nail that grows outward).
Nail invasion by T. rubrum tends to be restricted to the underside of the nail plate and is characterized by the formation of white plaques on the lunula that can spread to the entire nail. The nail often thickens and becomes brittle, turns brown or black. [13]
Longitudinal erythronychia is a red band or streak on the nail plate. The proximal nail fold is where the longitudinal red stripe clinically originates since it starts within the nail matrix. Following its passage through the lunula, the red band follows the nail bed until it reaches the distal tip of the nail plate, when it breaks away from ...
Beau's lines should also be distinguished from Mees' lines of the fingernails, which are areas of discoloration in the nail plate. As the nail grows out, the ridge in the nail can be seen to move upwards until it reaches the fingertip. When it reaches this point the fingertips can become sore for a few days as the nail bed is exposed by the ...
In human anatomy, the eponychium is the thickened layer of skin at the base of the fingernails and toenails. [1] It can also be called the medial or proximal nail fold. The eponychium differs from the cuticle; the eponychium comprises live skin cells whilst the cuticle is dead skin cells.