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The term "war child" is most commonly used for children born during World War II and its aftermath, particularly in relation to children born to fathers in German occupying forces in northern Europe. In Norway, there were also Lebensborn children.
It cannot be assumed that the term has comparable meanings in languages of other European countries. [12] For example, the English term war children, as well as the French term enfant de la Guerre, define the concept narrower, as a synonym for Besatzungskind – a child of a native mother and a father who is member of an occupying military force – describing implications associated with that ...
Some children of "proper attitude and performance" were sent to Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Denmark to "take the German reputation abroad". [9] The German leadership was expecting a swift victory and initially children were not expected to be away for more than a few weeks. Children started returning to their parents after six months.
Children were kidnapped and used extensively during the civil war of 1993–2005. [23] In 2004 hundreds of child soldiers were in the Forces Nationales pour la Libération (FNL), an armed rebel, Hutu group. [24] Children between the ages of 10 and 16 were also conscripted by the Burundese military. [25]
The 12th SS Panzer Division of the Hitlerjugend was established later in World War II as Germany suffered more casualties, and more young people "volunteered", initially as reserves, but soon joined front line troops. These children saw extensive action and were among the fiercest and most effective German defenders in the Battle of Berlin. [11]
Czesława Kwoka, 14-year-old Auschwitz concentration camp victim. Nazi Germany perpetrated various crimes against humanity and war crimes against children, including the killing of children of unwanted or "dangerous" people in accordance with Nazi ideological views, either as part of their idea of racial struggle or as a measure of preventive security.
Boys' roll call at the main children's concentration camp in Łódź, of which KZ Dzierżązna, for Polish girls as young as eight, was a sub-camp.. Heuaktion (German: "hay harvest", or "hay operation") [1] was a World War II operation in which 40,000 to 50,000 Polish and Ukrainian children aged 10 to 14 were kidnapped by German occupation forces and transported to Nazi Germany as slave labourers.
Alfred Zech, also known as Alfred Czech [1] [2] (12 October 1932 – 13 June 2011), [3] [4] was a German child soldier who, as one of about 3 million people, received the Iron Cross, 2nd Class at the age of 12 years.