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In the work place, job performance is the hypothesized conception or requirements of a role. There are two types of job performances: contextual and task. Task performance is dependent on cognitive ability, while contextual performance is dependent on personality. [2]
Another taxonomy of job performance was proposed and developed for the US Navy by Murphy (1994). This model is significantly broader and breaks performance into only four dimensions. Task-oriented behaviors are similar to task-specific behaviors in Campbell's model. This dimension includes any major tasks relevant to someone's job.
Test of maximum performance: These assess the individual's ability to perform effectively under standard conditions. Performance on these tests, which includes ability and aptitude tests, can be judged as right or wrong. Ability tests come in many different forms and may test a general intellectual functioning or a specific ability. [1]
Retention: the performance level of a particular skill after a period of no use. [18] The type of task can have an effect on how well the motor skill is retained after a period of non-use: Continuous tasks – activities like swimming, bicycling, or running; the performance level retains proficiency even after years of non-use.
Conjunctive tasks are tasks requiring all group members to contribute to complete the product. [1] In this type of task the group's performance is determined by the most inferior or weakest group member. [2] Examples provided in Forysth's summary of Steiner's work include climbing a mountain and eating a meal as a group. [2]
The counterpart of contextual performance is task performance. Task performance is defined as the work activities that contribute to an organization's technical capacity. [1] Contextual performance is more likely to be voluntary, whereas task performance is more likely to be prescribed by the job description.
Performance rating has become a continuous process by which an employer and employees attempt to understand company goals and how his or her progress toward contributing to them are measured. Performance measurement is an ongoing activity for all managers and their subordinates. [4] A performance measurement uses the following indicators:
Task Structure, referring to the extent to which group tasks are clear and structured. Leader Position Power, referring to the power inherent in the leader's position itself. When there is a good leader-member relation, a highly structured task, and high leader position power, the situation is considered a "favorable situation."