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Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically derived from 8-oxogeranial . [ 1 ] Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides , most often bound to glucose .
Aucubin is a monoterpenoid based compound. [6] Aucubin, like all iridoids, has a cyclopentan-[C]-pyran skeleton. [6] Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. [6]
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Nepetalactone is a name for multiple iridoid analog stereoisomers.Nepetalactones are produced by Nepeta cataria and many other plants belonging to the genus Nepeta, in which they protect these plants from herbivorous insects by functioning as insect repellents.
Monoterpenes are found in many parts of different plants, such as barks, heartwood, bark and leaves of coniferous trees, in vegetables, fruits and herbs. [5] Essential oils are very rich in monoterpenes.
Iridodial is an iridoid.It is produced from 8-oxogeranial by the enzyme iridoid synthase (IS). [1] Iridodial is one of the substrates for the enzyme iridoid oxidase (IO) which produces 7-deoxyloganetic acid.
Harpagoside is a natural product found in the plant Harpagophytum procumbens, also known as devil's claw. [1] It is the active chemical constituent responsible for the medicinal properties of the plant, which have been used for centuries by the Khoisan people of southern Africa to treat diverse health disorders, including fever, diabetes, hypertension, and various blood related diseases.