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Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically derived from 8-oxogeranial . [ 1 ] Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides , most often bound to glucose .
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Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. [6] Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocyclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. [ 6 ]
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Harpagoside is a natural product found in the plant Harpagophytum procumbens, also known as devil's claw. [1] It is the active chemical constituent responsible for the medicinal properties of the plant, which have been used for centuries by the Khoisan people of southern Africa to treat diverse health disorders, including fever, diabetes, hypertension, and various blood related diseases.
These compounds have highly divergent structures including alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenoids, sterols, lignans and a number of other compounds. [ 11 ] Recently, two novel biological active peptides, hedyotide B1 and B2 (hedyotide = hedyotis + peptide), have been isolated from the ariel parts of the medicinal plant ...
With iridoids stemming from a terpenoid origin, epi-iridotrial's precursor, epi-iridodial, is derived from geraniol. [8] Addition of a glucose at carbon 1 (C1) of the iridoid backbone and oxidation of the aldehyde at C4 of epi-iridotrial produces 8-epiloganic acid.
Genipin is a chemical compound found in Genipa americana fruit extract. It is an aglycone derived from an iridoid glycoside called geniposide which is also present in fruit of Gardenia jasminoides.