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This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.
Due to the large size of the La 3+ ion, La 2 O 3 adopts a hexagonal 7-coordinate structure that changes to the 6-coordinate structure of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3) at high temperature. When it reacts with water, lanthanum hydroxide is formed: [37] a lot of heat is evolved in the reaction and a hissing sound is heard.
57 La 2-1 - 58 Ce 2 1 1 - 59 Pr 2 3-- 60 Nd 2 4-- 61 Pm 2 5-- 62 Sm 2 6-- 63 Eu 2 7-- 64 Gd 2 7 1 ... Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral ...
For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6, meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by two, two, and six electrons, respectively. Electronic configurations describe each electron as moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by the nuclei and all the other
The maximum number of unpaired electrons is 7, in Gd 3+, with a magnetic moment of 7.94 B.M., but the largest magnetic moments, at 10.4–10.7 B.M., are exhibited by Dy 3+ and Ho 3+. However, in Gd 3+ all the electrons have parallel spin and this property is important for the use of gadolinium complexes as contrast reagent in MRI scans.
General inorganic chemistry texts often put scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), and actinium (Ac) in group 3, so that Ce–Lu and Th–Lr become the f-block between groups 3 and 4; this was based on incorrectly measured electron configurations from history, [25] and Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz already considered it incorrect in 1948 ...
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The ionic radii of the lanthanides decrease from 103 pm (La 3+) to 86 pm (Lu 3+) in the lanthanide series, electrons are added to the 4f shell.This first f shell is inside the full 5s and 5p shells (as well as the 6s shell in the neutral atom); the 4f shell is well-localized near the atomic nucleus and has little effect on chemical bonding.