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The pelvis is, in general, different between the human female and male skeleton. [12] [13] Although variations exist and there may be a degree of overlap between typically male or female traits, [12] [13] the pelvis is the most dimorphic bone of the human skeleton and is therefore likely to be accurate when using it to ascertain a person's sex ...
The human Y chromosome showing the SRY gene which codes for a protein regulating sexual differentiation. Sexual differentiation in humans is the process of development of sex differences in humans. It is defined as the development of phenotypic structures consequent to the action of hormones produced following gonadal determination. [1]
The common pathway of sexual differentiation, where a productive human female has an XX chromosome pair, and a productive male has an XY pair, is relevant to the development of intersex conditions. During fertilization, the sperm adds either an X (female) or a Y (male) chromosome to the X in the ovum. This determines the genetic sex of the embryo.
Sex differences in human physiology are distinctions of physiological characteristics associated with either male or female humans. These can be of several types, including direct and indirect, direct being the direct result of differences prescribed by the Y-chromosome (due to the SRY gene ), and indirect being characteristics influenced ...
Schematic karyogram of a human, showing the sex chromosomes in green box at bottom right. The X chromosome is part of chromosome group C, and the Y chromosome is part of group G. Bands and sub-bands are annotated to the right of each chromosome (or chromosome pair), and the gene for the sex-determining region Y protein is located at Yp11.2.
The amygdala (red) in a human brain. There are behavioral differences between males and females that may suggest a difference in amygdala size or function. A 2017 review of amygdala volume studies found that there was a raw size difference, with males having a 10% larger amygdala, however, because male brains are larger, this finding was found ...
In invertebrates and plants, hermaphrodites (which have both male and female reproductive organs either at the same time or during their life cycle) are common, and in many cases, the norm. In other varieties of multicellular life (e.g. the fungi division, Basidiomycota ), sexual characteristics can be much more complex, and may involve many ...
In female cells, random processes of X-inactivation "turn off" the extra X chromosome. As a result, females, but not males, are mosaics. Female cells may express higher levels of some genes. [29] [30] [31] Sex differences at the chromosome and molecular level exist in all human cells, and persist life-long, independent of sex hormones in the ...