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The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل, romanized: Dudmân-e Mughal) or the House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر, romanized: Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Babur that ruled the Mughal Empire from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
The closest to an official name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari. [28] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān), [29] "country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind), "Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah) as observed in the epithet of Emperor Aurangzeb [30] or endonymous identification from ...
The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur (r. 1526–1530), a Timurid prince from the Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan), was a direct descendant of both Timur and Genghis Khan. The Mughal emperors had significant Indian and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Persian princesses. [2] [3] [4]
The Mughal Empire's legal system was context-specific and evolved over the course of the empire's rule. Being a Muslim state, the empire employed fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and therefore the fundamental institutions of Islamic law such as those of the qadi (judge), mufti (jurisconsult), and muhtasib (censor and market supervisor) were well ...
Grave of Qutb al-Din Aibak (d. 1210), First independent Emperor of Hindustan.. Emperor of Hindustan sometimes also translated as Emperor of India, [Note 1] is the usual rendering in English of the imperial title used firstly by the Delhi Sultanate [1] and then their successors the Mughal Empire [2] [3] It signified their sovereignity over Northern India and later much of the Indian ...
Aurangzeb was the last of the strong Mughal emperors. After he died in 1707, his son Bahadur Shah I reigned from 1707 to 1712. Bahadur Shah I could keep the empire stable by maintaining a relaxed religious policy; however, after his death, the empire declined.
Agra was the foremost city of the subcontinent and the capital of the Mughal Empire until 1658, when Aurangzeb shifted the entire court to Delhi. [24] Babur (reigned 1526–30 [25]), the founder of the Mughal dynasty, acquired Agra after defeating the Lodhis and the Tomaras of Gwalior in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
Mughal and Afsharid forces fought the Battle of Khyber Pass 1738. This was an overwhelming victory for the Persians, opening up the path ahead to invade the crown-lands of the Mughal Empire of Muhammad Shah. On November 26 from near Jalalabad, the Persian army arrived at Barikab (33 kilometres from the Khyber Pass) where Nader divided his army ...