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Anaerobic cellular respiration and fermentation generate ATP in very different ways, and the terms should not be treated as synonyms. Cellular respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic) uses highly reduced chemical compounds such as NADH and FADH 2 (for example produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) to establish an electrochemical gradient (often a proton gradient) across a membrane.
Cellular respiration is a vital process that occurs in the cells of all [[plants and some bacteria ]]. [2] [better source needed] Respiration can be either aerobic, requiring oxygen, or anaerobic; some organisms can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. [3] [better source needed]
Cellular waste products are formed as a by-product of cellular respiration, a series of processes and reactions that generate energy for the cell, in the form of ATP. One example of cellular respiration creating cellular waste products are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Each pathway generates different waste products.
As dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is an anaerobic respiration process, marine microorganisms capable of performing DNRA are most commonly found in environments low in O 2, such as oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the water column, or sediments with steep O 2 gradients. [11] [12] The oceanic nitrogen cycle with the role of DNRA.
Anaerobic respiration and its end products can facilitate symbiosis between anaerobes and aerobes. This occurs across taxa, often in compensation for nutritional needs. [26] Anaerobiosis and symbiosis are found in interactions between ciliates and prokaryotes. Anaerobic ciliates interact with prokaryotes in an endosymbiotic relationship. These ...
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The energy yield of anaerobic respiration and fermentation (i.e. the number of ATP molecules generated) is less than in aerobic respiration. [8] This is why facultative anaerobes, which can metabolise energy both aerobically and anaerobically, preferentially metabolise energy aerobically.
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