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Surgery [a] is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass), to reconstruct or alter aesthetics and appearance (cosmetic surgery), or to remove unwanted tissues (body fat, glands, scars ...
Many surgical procedure names can be broken into parts to indicate the meaning. For example, in gastrectomy, "ectomy" is a suffix meaning the removal of a part of the body. "Gastro-" means stomach. Thus, gastrectomy refers to the surgical removal of the stomach (or sections thereof).
A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the delivery of healthcare.. A medical procedure with the intention of determining, measuring, or diagnosing a patient condition or parameter is also called a medical test.
'General' surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on alimentary canal and abdominal contents including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, ...
Coronary artery bypass surgery during mobilization (freeing) of the right coronary artery from its surrounding adipose tissue (yellow). The tube visible at the bottom is the aortic cannula , which returns blood from the heart–lung machine .
Eponymous surgical procedures are generally named after the surgeon or surgeons who performed or reported them first. In some instances they are named after the surgeon who popularised them or refined existing procedures, and occasionally are named after the patient who first underwent the procedure.