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Dental cavity, also known as tooth decay, [a] is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria. [6] The resulting cavities may be a number of different colors, from yellow to black. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include pain and difficulty eating.
The pulp contains the blood vessels, the nerves, and connective tissue inside a tooth and provides the tooth's blood and nutrients. Pulpitis is mainly caused by bacterial infection which itself is a secondary development of caries (tooth decay). It manifests itself in the form of a toothache. [1]
Acid erosion is a type of tooth wear.It is defined as the irreversible loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. [1] Dental erosion is the most common chronic condition of children ages 5–17, [2] although it is only relatively recently that it has been recognised as a dental health problem. [3]
Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and function within tooth structure. [3] Demineralization is the removal of minerals (mainly calcium) from any of the hard tissues: enamel, dentine, and cementum. [4] It begins at the surface, and may progress into either cavitation (tooth decay) or erosion (tooth wear).
In 1890, W.D. Miller, considered the father of oral microbiology, was the first to associate pulpal disease with the presence of bacteria. [11] This was confirmed by Kakehashi, who, in 1965, proved that bacteria were the cause of pulpal and periradicular disease in studies using animal models; pulpal exposures were initiated in both normal and germ-free rats, and while no pathologic changes ...
The belief that tooth decay and dental pain is caused by tooth worms is found in ancient India, Egypt, Japan, and China, [9] and persists until the Age of Enlightenment. Although toothache is an ancient problem, [ 55 ] : 48–52 it is thought that ancient people suffered less dental decay due to a lack of refined sugars in their diet.
This can be caused by tooth decay, broken teeth or extensive periodontal disease (or combinations of these factors). A failed root canal treatment may also create a similar abscess. A dental abscess is a type of odontogenic infection , although commonly the latter term is applied to an infection which has spread outside the local region around ...
Both periodontal disease and cancer risk are associated with genetic susceptibility and it is possible that there is a positive association by a shared genetic susceptibility in the two diseases. Due to the low incidence rate of oral cancer, studies have not been able to conduct quality studies to prove the association between the two, however ...