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High tibial osteotomy is an orthopaedic surgical procedure which aims to correct a varus deformation with compartmental osteoarthritis.Since the inception of the procedure, advancements to technique, fixation devices, and a better understanding of patient selection has allowed HTO to become more popular in younger, more active patients hoping to combat arthritis. [1]
This is usually at the ligament-bone junction of the patellar ligament and the tibial tuberosity. [10] The tibial tuberosity is a slight elevation of bone on the anterior and proximal portion of the tibia. The patellar tendon attaches the anterior quadriceps muscles to the tibia via the knee cap. [11]
The tibial tuberosity thus forms the terminal part of the large structure that acts as a lever to extend the knee-joint and prevents the knee from collapsing when the foot strikes the ground. [1] The two ligaments, the patella, and the tibial tuberosity are all superficial, easily palpable structures. [2]
The location of the removed wedge of bone depends on where osteoarthritis has damaged the knee cartilage. The most common type of osteotomy performed on arthritic knees is a high tibial osteotomy, which addresses cartilage damage on the inside (medial) portion of the knee. The procedure usually takes 60 to 90 minutes to perform. [9]
The most common cause of compartment syndrome in children is traumatic injury. [77] In children <10 years of age, the cause is usually vascular injury or infection. [78] In children >14 years of age, the cause is usually due to trauma or surgical positioning. [78] Treatment for compartment syndrome in children is the same as adults. [72]
Patellar tendon rupture is a tear of the tendon that connects the knee cap (patella) to the tibia. [1] Often there is sudden onset of pain and walking is difficult. [ 1 ] In a complete rupture, the ability to extend that knee is decreased. [ 1 ]
The tibia (/ ˈ t ɪ b i ə /; pl.: tibiae / ˈ t ɪ b i i / or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle.
Gerdy's tubercle is a lateral tubercle of the tibia, located where the iliotibial tract inserts. It was named after French surgeon Pierre Nicolas Gerdy (1797–1856).. Gerdy's tubercle is a smooth facet on the lateral aspect of the upper part of the tibia, just below the knee joint and adjacent to the proximal tibio-fibular joint, where the iliotibial tract runs down the outside part of the thigh.