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Acute bacterial parotitis: is most often caused by a bacterial infection of Staphylococcus aureus but may be caused by any commensal bacteria. [2] Parotitis presents as swelling at the angle of the jaw. Bacterial parotitis presents as a unilateral swelling, where the gland is swollen and tender and usually produces pus at the Stensen's duct.
Pneumoparotitis (also termed pneumosialadenitis [1] wind parotitis, [1] surgical mumps, [2] or anaesthesia mumps), [2] is a rare cause of parotid gland swelling which occurs when air is forced through the parotid (Stensen) duct resulting in inflation of the duct.
The most common cause of enlargement of the submental lymph nodes are infections (including viral infections (mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and cytomegaloviral infections), toxoplasmosis, and dental infections (e.g. periodontitis)).
The most common causes of enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes are infections of the head, neck, ears, eyes, nasal sinuses, pharynx, and scalp. [1] The lymph glands may be affected by metastatic spread of cancers of the oral cavity, anterior portion of the nasal cavity, soft tissues of the mid-face, and submandibular salivary gland. [1]
Neoplastic lesions of the parotid salivary gland can either be benign or malignant. Within the parotid gland, nearly 80% of tumours are benign. [17] Benign lesions tend to be painless, asymptomatic and slow-growing. The most common salivary gland neoplasms in children are hemangiomas, lymphatic malformations, and pleomorphic adenomas. [13]
The preauricular deep parotid lymph nodes (anterior auricular glands or preauricular glands), from one to three in number, lie immediately in front of the tragus.. Their afferents drain multiple surfaces, most of which are lateral in origin.
The parapharyngeal space (also termed the lateral pharyngeal space), is a potential space in the head and the neck. It has clinical importance in otolaryngology due to parapharyngeal space tumours and parapharyngeal abscess developing in this area. It is also a key anatomic landmark for localizing disease processes in the surrounding spaces of ...
Pleomorphic adenomas may recur after a very long time from primary surgery, on average over 7–10 years and up to 24 years. [10] [11] Survival rates due to malignancy depends on the patient and extent of disease. [4] A 10-year survival ranges from 32-83%. [4] Of all cancers, salivary gland tumors account for only 1%. [4]