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Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation.
A 2.26 kΩ, 1%-precision resistor with 5 color bands (), from top, 2-2-6-1-1; the last two brown bands indicate the multiplier (×10) and the tolerance (1%).. An electronic color code or electronic colour code (see spelling differences) is used to indicate the values or ratings of electronic components, usually for resistors, but also for capacitors, inductors, diodes and others.
The color combinations are applied to the insulation that covers each conductor. Typically, one color is a prominent background color of the insulation, and the other is a tracer, consisting of stripes, rings, or dots, applied over the background. The background color always matches the tracer color of its paired conductor, and vice versa.
A mnemonic which includes color name(s) generally reduces the chances of confusing black and brown. Some mnemonics that are easy to remember: Big Boys Race Our Young Girls But Violet Generally Wins. Better Be Right Or Your Great Big Venture Goes West. [1] Beetle Bailey Runs Over Your General Before Very Good Witnesses.
Electrical wiring practices developed in parallel in many countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [7] As a result, national and regional variations developed and remain in effect. (see National Electrical Code, electrical wiring, electrical wiring in the United Kingdom). Some of these are retained for technical reasons, since the ...
The international standard IEC 60446 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification - Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors was a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that defined basic safety principles for identifying electrical conductors by colours or numerals, for example in ...
Compared to modern electrical wiring standards, these are the main technical shortcomings of knob-and-tube wiring methods: never included a safety grounding conductor did not confine switching to the hot conductor (the so-called Carter system prohibited as of 1923 places electrical loads across the common terminals of a three-way switch pair)
The new standard colour code does not use red. Where new wiring is mixed with old, cables must be clearly marked to prevent interchange of phase and neutral. Variation in the earth/ground conductor's colour at an earlier date than the remainder of the colours means its colour should not be used as an indication of the old vs new standard cable ...