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Ladder frame pickup truck chassis holds the vehicle's engine, drivetrain, suspension, and wheels The unibody - for the unitized body - is also a form of a frame. A vehicle frame, also historically known as its chassis, is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism.
The use of steel ladder and X frame chassis allowed numerous vehicles to share a chassis and drivetrain while making changes to bodywork and interiors relatively easy, thus keeping costs down and minimizing design time. Over time the technology for unibody construction became economically feasible, assisted in recent decades by computer-aided ...
Platform chassis were not significantly more or less safe than contemporary ladder chassis, although much less safe in an impact than a modern design with a monocoque integrated into a passenger safety cell. They had a tendency in serious accidents for the complete bodyshell to separate from the chassis, as did the ladder chassis.
The TNGA-L platform underpins unibody vehicles in the E-segment or executive car, F-segment or full-size luxury car, and S-segment or grand tourer categories. The platform is offered in both rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive variants and is paired with a longitudinal engine. The platform also supports a wheelbase length of 2,870–3,125 mm ...
[3] [4] It uses a ladder frame chassis construction. IMV platform-based vehicles are either rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive (can be either full-time or rear-based part-time). The front suspension is independent double-wishbone, while the rear suspension is half-dependent. Engines are mounted longitudinally.
The third-generation received significant changes over the outgoing model. The ladder-frame construction was replaced with unibody construction which featured a unique built-in ladder frame to improve stiffness and ground clearance while also reducing the floor (and subsequently the roof) height. [24]
While body-on-frame construction is retained by pickup trucks and larger SUVs, unibody construction (or variants thereof) sees nearly universal use in passenger cars. From 1978 to 1985, Ford and Mercury versions of the Panther platform were assembled in Hazelwood, Missouri ( St. Louis Assembly ).
In 2012, the R52 series Pathfinder was released as a three-row crossover SUV based on the unibody Nissan D platform, moving away from the body-on-frame chassis format. The role of a mid-size body-on-frame SUV in Nissan's global lineup was passed to the Terra/X-Terra, which was released in 2018 and based on the D23 series Navara.