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The term most commonly refers to a surface trauma where all layers of the skin have been torn away, exposing the underlying structures (i.e., subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendons, or bone). This is similar to an abrasion but more severe, as body parts such as an eyelid or an ear can be partially or fully detached from the body.
Patients with skin that has died, necrosed, will often need the dead tissue cut out by a surgeon. [8] Depending on how much tissue is removed, a patient may need reconstructive surgery. [8] Reconstruction can include skin grafts or flaps. [7] Skin grafting and flap procedures use the patient’s own healthy soft tissues to heal a wound.
If skin cover is needed, a skin graft can be placed over top of it. Examples: gastrocnemius flap, latissimus dorsi flap, TRAM flap, and transverse upper gracillis flap. [2] Bone flaps contain bone and are used when structural support is needed such as in jaw reconstruction. Example: fibula flap. [2] [4] [14]
However, autologous bone pieces may be unavailable or unsuitable in certain occasions. The body size of children may be not enough to have bone flaps to be stored in their subcutaneous spaces, while cryopreservation facilities for bone grafts are not widely available. [11] [12] The use of autograft is also associated with a high rate of bone ...
After the insertion of a drainage tube for 1 or 2 days, the skin wound on the back of the ear is sutured. Occasionally the newly formed antihelix is additionally fixed with outer mattress sutures that are made over small swabs so that they don’t cut into the skin. Dressing is usually applied for 1 or 2 weeks. [citation needed]
Otoplasty (surgery of the ear) was developed in ancient India and is described in the medical compendium, the Sushruta Samhita (Sushruta's Compendium, c. 500 AD).The book discussed otoplastic and other plastic surgery techniques and procedures for correcting, repairing and reconstructing ears, noses, lips, and genitalia that were amputated as criminal, religious, and military punishments.
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The length and angle of each flap are usually the same to avoid mismatched flaps that may be difficult to close. Some possible complications of Z-plasty include flap necrosis, haematoma (blood clot) formation under the flaps, wound infection, trapdoor effect and sloughing (necrosis) of the flap caused by wound tension and inadequate blood supply.