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  2. Global Historical Climatology Network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Historical...

    The initial version of Global Historical Climatology Network was developed in the summer of 1992. [3] This first version, known as Version 1 was a collaboration between research stations and data sets alike to the World Weather Records program and the World Monthly Surface Station Climatology from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. [4]

  3. Temperature record of the last 2,000 years - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record_of_the...

    The longer history of the proxy is then used to reconstruct temperature from earlier periods. Proxy records must be averaged in some fashion if a global or hemispheric record is desired. The "Composite Plus Scaling" (CPS) method is widely used for large-scale multiproxy reconstructions of hemispheric or global average temperatures.

  4. List of large-scale temperature reconstructions of the last ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_large-scale...

    In an early attempt to show that climate had changed, Hubert Lamb's 1965 paper generalised from temperature records of central England together with historical, botanical, and archeological evidence to produce a qualitative estimate of temperatures in the North Atlantic region. Subsequent quantitative reconstructions used statistical techniques ...

  5. List of countries by average yearly temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature. Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group , derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit .

  6. List of cities by average temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_average...

    This is a list of cities by average temperature (monthly and yearly). The temperatures listed are averages of the daily highs and lows. Thus, the actual daytime temperature in a given month may be considerably higher than the temperature listed here, depending on how large the difference between daily highs and lows is.

  7. List of GIS data sources - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GIS_data_sources

    IRI/LDEO Climate Data Library: Collection of more than 300 datasets from various climate models and datasets. Operated by The Earth Institute and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory. Global Climate Monitor: Climate web viewer containing accessible climatic information from 1901 that can be downloaded in a variety of GIS formats. HydroSHEDS

  8. Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_Circulation...

    The project aims to create historical datasets that are spatially and temporally complete, so as to be of value at a local, or regional level, as well as on a global scale. ACRE aims to recover millions of historic weather observations. This data will be deposited into two databases, ISPD - the International Surface Pressure Databank,

  9. Global surface temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_surface_temperature

    In comparison, the global mean surface air temperature (GSAT) is the "global average of near-surface air temperatures over land, oceans and sea ice. Changes in GSAT are often used as a measure of global temperature change in climate models." [10]: 2231 Global temperature can have different definitions. There is a small difference between air ...