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Weaker forms of physical causal closure are synonymous with the causal completeness, [6] the notion that "Every physical effect that has a sufficient cause has a sufficient physical cause." [ 5 ] That is, weaker forms allow that in addition to physical causes, there may be other kinds of causes for physical events.
The first principle, which most ontological physicalists would accept, is the causal closure of the physical domain, according to which, every physical effect has a sufficient physical cause. The second principle Kim notes is that of causal exclusion, which holds that no normal event can have more than one sufficient cause.
The principle, in slightly different iterations, has variously been called causal closure, completeness of the physical, physical closure, and physical comprehensiveness. [2] This has been the foremost argument against interactionism in contemporary philosophy. [7]
Some of these arguments appealed explicitly to the causal closure of the physical realm (Feigl 1958, Oppenheim and Putnam 1958). In other cases, the reliance on causal closure lay below the surface. However, it is not hard to see that even in these latter cases the causal closure thesis played a crucial role. —
Jaegwon Kim has argued against non-reductive physicalism on the grounds that it violates the causal closure of the physical, which assumes that physics provides a full explanation of physical events. If mental properties are causally efficacious, they must either be identical to physical properties or there must be widespread overdetermination.
A New York appeals court judge has denied President-elect Donald Trump's request to delay the Jan. 10 sentencing in his criminal hush money case. Trump’s sentencing will proceed as planned on ...
A sample argument using objections. Some argument mapping conventions allow for perspicuous representation of inferences. [12] In the following diagram, box 2.1 represents an inference, labeled with the inference rule modus ponens. [12] An argument map with 'modus ponens' in the inference box. An inference can be the target of an objection.
In a separate case involving the FDA, the Supreme Court on Dec. 2 is set to hear arguments over the agency's denial of applications to sell flavored vape products. (Reporting by John Kruzel ...