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Learn about the thorax or chest, a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals that contains the heart, lungs, and other organs. Find out the structure, function, and clinical significance of the thorax, as well as common chest diseases and injuries.
The esophagus (or oesophagus) is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach in vertebrates. It is about 25 cm long and has two sphincters, blood vessels, and nerves. Learn more about its anatomy, diseases, and clinical investigations.
The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall. It contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, thymus, and other structures of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and nervous systems.
The throat is the front part of the neck that contains the pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, and other structures. It is involved in speech, swallowing, breathing, and preventing food or liquid from entering the lungs.
Learn about the anatomy, function, and variations of the thoracic diaphragm, a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The diaphragm is the most important muscle of respiration, and has openings for the aorta, esophagus, and inferior vena cava.
The respiratory tract is the part of the respiratory system that conducts air to the lungs for gas exchange. The upper airways include the nose, nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and sometimes the trachea. Learn about their anatomy, physiology, and diseases.
The respiratory system is a biological system for gas exchange in animals and plants. It consists of specific organs and structures, such as lungs, airways, gills, or stomata, that vary depending on the size, environment, and evolution of the organism.
The oropharynx is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea. It is lined by non-keratinized squamous stratified epithelium and contains the palatine tonsil. Learn more about its structure, function, and diseases.