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The Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion, pronounced [ˌʁoːtə ʔaʁˈmeː fʁakˌtsi̯oːn] ⓘ; RAF [ˌɛʁʔaːˈʔɛf] ⓘ), [a] also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (German: Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe Baader-Meinhof-Bande [ˈbaːdɐ ˈmaɪnhɔf ˈɡʁʊpə] ⓘ), was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998.
Juni) was a West German anarchist militant group based in West Berlin. Active from January 1972 to 1980, the anarchist group was one of the few militant groups at the time in Germany . Although the 2 June Movement did not share the same ideology as the Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof Gang), these organizations were allies.
During the Cold War, especially in the 1970s, West Germany experienced severe terrorism, mostly perpetrated by far-left terrorist groups and culminating in the German Autumn of 1977, the country's most serious national crisis in postwar history. Terrorist incidents also took place in the 1980s and 1990s.
German police officer 5 September 1977 Reinhold Brändle [9] German police officer 5 September 1977 Helmut Ulmer [9] German police officer 5 September 1977 Hanns Martin Schleyer [10] Chairman of the German Employers' Association: 18 October 1977 Mulhouse France: Arie Kranenburg [11] Dutch policeman 22 September 1977 Utrecht Netherlands
The Red Army Faction (RAF) existed in West Germany from 1970 to 1998, committing numerous crimes, especially in the autumn of 1977, which led to a national crisis that became known as the "German Autumn". The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Ulrike Meinhof, Horst Mahler, and others. [1]
Gudrun Ensslin (German: [ˈɡuːdʁuːn ˈɛnsliːn]; 15 August 1940 – 18 October 1977) [1] was a German far-left terrorist [2] and founder of the West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion, or RAF, also known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang).
Value-laden labels—such as calling an organization and/or individual a terrorist—may express contentious opinion and are best avoided unless widely used by reliable sources to describe the subject, in which case use in-text attribution. Avoid myth in its informal sense, and establish the scholarly context for any formal use of the term.
The West German Interior Ministry described it as one of West Germany's most dangerous leftist terrorist groups in the early 1980s. [2] According to the office of the German Federal Prosecutor, the Revolutionary Cells claimed responsibility for 186 attacks, [3] of which 40 were committed in West Berlin. [citation needed]