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Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution , which is a colourless, odourless, and non- volatile syrupy liquid.
The "backbone" of a polyphosphoric acid molecule is a chain of alternating P and O atoms. Each extra orthophosphoric unit that is condensed adds 1 extra H atom, 1 extra P atom, and 3 extra O atoms. The general formula of a polyphosphoric acid is H n+2 P n O 3n+1 or HO[−P(O)(OH)−O−] n H.
For example, dehydration of orthoperiodic acid gives metaperiodic acid. Such naming conventions are now obsolete; however, various traditional names containing these prefixes have been retained in IUPAC nomenclature, namely: orthosilicic acid, Si(OH) 4; orthotelluric acid, Te(OH) 6; orthophosphoric acid, PO(OH) 3; orthoboric acid, B(OH) 3
3), a triprotic acid. It forms orthophosphate salt and esters, commonly called phosphates . The smallest compounds of this class with two or more phosphorus atoms are called "oligophosphoric acids", and the larger ones, with linear –P–O– backbones, are "polyphosphoric acids"; with no definite separation between the two.
The choice of acid catalyst is very important. Brønsted acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4, polyphosphoric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid have been used successfully. Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, iron(III) chloride, and aluminium chloride are also useful catalysts. Several reviews have been published. [21] [22] [23]
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
Triammonium phosphate can be prepared in the laboratory by treating 85% phosphoric acid with 30% ammonia solution: [citation needed] H 3 PO 4 + 3 NH 3 → (NH 4) 3 PO 4 (NH 4) 3 PO 4 is a colorless, crystalline solid. The solid, which has the odor of ammonia, is readily soluble in water. The salt converts to diammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH 4 ...
For instance, the trivial names orthophosphoric acid and trimetaphosphoric acid have nothing to do with aromatics at all. Likewise, the description para was reserved for just closely related compounds. Thus Jöns Jakob Berzelius originally called the racemic form of tartaric acid "paratartaric acid" (another obsolete term: racemic acid) in 1830