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Ictalurids are cultivated in North America, especially in the Deep South, with Mississippi being the largest domestic catfish producer. [4] Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) supported a $450 million/yr aquaculture industry in 2003. [5] The US farm-raised catfish industry began in the early 1960s in Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas.
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The amount of organic waste produced by fish farms is also alarming. A salmon farm in Scotland, for instance, is estimated to produce as much organic waste as equivalent to a town of people between 10,000 and 20,000 people each year. [29] Today 50% of the world's seafood is farm-raised. [30]
To produce one kilograms of farmed salmon, products from several kilograms of wild fish are fed to them – this can be described as the "fish-in-fish-out" (FIFO) ratio. In 1995, salmon had a FIFO ratio of 7.5 (meaning 7.5 kilograms of wild fish feed were required to produce one kilogram of salmon); by 2006 the ratio had fallen to 4.9. [ 102 ]
Secondly, hatchery reared juveniles, even from a fairly large broodstock, can have greatly reduced genetic diversity compared to wild populations (the situation is comparable to the founder effect). Such fish that escape from farms or are released for restocking purposes may adversely affect wild population genetics and viability. [4]
The harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals.
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Aquaculture is one of the main vectors for invasives following accidental releases of farmed stocks into the wild. [45] One example is the Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii ) which accidentally escaped from a fish farm into the Gironde Estuary (Southwest France) following a severe storm in December 1999 (5,000 individual fish escaped into ...