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The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses is the ruling council of Jehovah's Witnesses, [1] based in the denomination's Warwick, New York, headquarters.The body formulates doctrines, oversees the production of written material for publications and conventions, and administers the denomination's worldwide operations.
Raymond Victor Franz (May 8, 1922 – June 2, 2010) was a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses from October 20, 1971, until his removal on May 22, 1980, [1] [2] and served at the organization's world headquarters for fifteen years, from 1965 until 1980.
In all, Jehovah's Witnesses brought 23 separate First Amendment actions before the U.S. Supreme Court between 1938 and 1946. [36] [37] Supreme Court Justice Harlan Fiske Stone once quipped, "I think the Jehovah's Witnesses ought to have an endowment in view of the aid which they give in solving the legal problems of civil liberties." [38]
Jehovah's Witnesses' congregational judicial policies require the testimony of two material witnesses to establish a perpetrator's serious sin in the absence of confession. . The organization considers this policy to be a protection against malicious accusations of sexual assault and states that this two-witness policy is applied solely to congregational discipline and has no bearing on ...
The Governing Body also devoted part of the annual meeting to revising its interpretation of biblical prophecies about the end times — a paramount focus of Jehovah's Witnesses. The Governing ...
Critics, including Raymond Franz, Edmond C. Gruss, and James Penton, have accused the Watch Tower Society of being authoritarian, controlling, and coercive in its dealings with Witnesses. Franz, a former Governing Body member, has claimed the society's emphasis on the term "theocratic organization" to describe the authority structure of Jehovah ...
The only way to officially leave Jehovah's Witnesses is to disassociate or be removed, and both entail the same set of prohibitions and penalties, with no provision for continued normal association. Jehovah's Witnesses state that their practice of shunning is a scripturally documented method to protect the congregation from the influence of ...
Adams, a Governing Body "helper", [21] became president of the Watch Tower Society after Governing Body member Milton G. Henschel stepped down from the position in 2000. [22] [23] In that year, members of the Governing Body resigned from their executive positions of the corporations of Jehovah's Witnesses, although the periodical Christianity Today reported that the Governing Body of Jehovah's ...