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Renewable energy in developing countries is an increasingly used alternative to fossil fuel energy, as these countries scale up their energy supplies and address energy poverty. Renewable energy technology was once seen as unaffordable for developing countries. [ 202 ]
Energy storage helps overcome barriers to intermittent renewable energy and is an important aspect of a sustainable energy system. [154] The most commonly used and available storage method is pumped-storage hydroelectricity , which requires locations with large differences in height and access to water. [ 154 ]
The environmental sustainability problem has proven difficult to solve. The modern environmental movement has attempted to solve the problem in a large variety of ways. But little progress has been made, as shown by severe ecological footprint overshoot and lack of sufficient progress on the climate change problem.
This implies various ways to increase environmental sustainability. One would be human population control. Another would be to reduce consumption and affluence [89] such as energy consumption. Another would be to develop innovative or green technologies such as renewable energy. In other words, there are two broad aims.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sustainability: . Sustainability – capacity to endure. For humans, sustainability is the long-term maintenance of well being, which has environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and encompasses the concept of stewardship and responsible resource management.
Renewable resources are a part of Earth's natural environment and the largest components of its ecosphere. A positive life-cycle assessment is a key indicator of a resource's sustainability. Definitions of renewable resources may also include agricultural production, as in agricultural products and to an extent water resources. [2]
The Energy and Environmental Engineering field seeks to conserve and maintain the natural environment by using efficient sources of energy. [1] Energy and environmental engineers are continually searching for solutions to emerging, environment-related issues such as erosion, water disposal, air and water pollution, land resources, human health, and environmental restoration.
Sustainability science focuses on issues relating to sustainability and sustainable development as core parts of its subject matter. [2] It is "defined by the problems it addresses rather than by the disciplines it employs" and "serves the need for advancing both knowledge and action by creating a dynamic bridge between the two".