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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 February 2025. 1948 military invasion of Hyderabad State by the Dominion of India Operation Polo The State of Hyderabad in 1909 (excluding Berar) Date 13–18 September 1948 (5 days) Location Hyderabad State, (parts of South and Western India) 17°00′N 78°50′E / 17.000°N 78.833°E ...
Hyderabad State was a state in Dominion and later Republic of India, formed after the accession of the State of Hyderabad into the Union on 17 September 1948. [1] It existed from 1948 to 1956. Hyderabad State comprised present day Telangana , Marathwada and Hyderabad-Karnataka
After the Partition of India, Hyderabad signed a standstill agreement with the new dominion of India, continuing all previous arrangements except for the stationing of Indian troops in the state. Hyderabad's location in the middle of the Indian Union, as well as its diverse cultural heritage led to India's annexation of the state in 1948. [12]
On 13 September 1948, two days after the death of Jinnah, the Indian Army was sent into Hyderabad under Operation Polo on the grounds that the law and order situation there threatened the peace of South India. [100] [101] The troops met little resistance by the Razakars and between 13 and 18 September took complete control of the state. The ...
The Hyderabad massacres [8] were the mass killings and massacre of Hyderabadi Muslims and Dalits [9] that took place simultaneously with the Indian annexation of Hyderabad (Operation Polo). [ citation needed ] The killings were perpetrated by Hindu fanatic militias and the Indian Army .
In September 1948, the Dominion of India launched a military intervention for the annexation of Hyderabad. [50] [51] The intervention officially described as a "police action" was justified on the grounds of ending the undemocratic feudal regime of the Nizam and the razakar repression enabled by him. [52]
The Razakars fought briefly against the overwhelming attack by Indian forces before surrendering on 18 September 1948. Mir Laik Ali, the prime minister of the Nizam, and Kasim Razvi were arrested. On 22 September 1948, the Nizam withdrew his complaint from the UN Security Council. The merger of Hyderabad into the Indian Union was announced.
Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized and held by one state, [4] as distinct from the complete conquest of another country, [a] [7] [8] and differs from cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty. Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies. [4] [9] [2]