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The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
The term port number was not yet in use. It was preceded by the use of the term socket number in the early development stages of the network. A socket number for a remote host was a 40-bit quantity. [4] The first 32 bits were similar to today's IPv4 address, but at the time the most-significant 8 bits were the host number.
An application binds a socket to its endpoint of data transmission, which is a combination of an IP address and a port. In this way, UDP provides application multiplexing. A port is a software structure that is identified by the port number, a 16-bit integer value, allowing for port numbers between 0 and 65535. Port 0 is reserved but is a ...
A registered port is a network port designated for use with a certain protocol or application.. Registered port numbers are currently assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and were assigned by Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) before March 21, 2001, [1] and were assigned by the Information Sciences Institute (USC/ISI) before 1998.
The Universal TUN/TAP Driver originated in 2000 as a merger of the corresponding drivers in Solaris, Linux and BSD. [1] The driver continues to be maintained as part of the Linux [ 2 ] and FreeBSD [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] kernels.
protocol: A transport protocol, e.g., TCP, UDP, raw IP. This means that (local or remote) endpoints with TCP port 53 and UDP port 53 are distinct sockets, while IP does not have ports. A socket that has been connected to another socket, e.g., during the establishment of a TCP connection, also has a remote socket address.
TCP uses 16-bit port numbers, providing 65,536 possible values for each of the source and destination ports. [17] The dependency of connection identity on addresses means that TCP connections are bound to a single network path; TCP cannot use other routes that multihomed hosts have available, and connections break if an endpoint's address changes.
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol; PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol; PAP Password Authentication Protocol; RPR IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring; SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol (obsolete) StarLAN; Space Data Link Protocol, one of the norms for Space Data Link from the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems; STP Spanning Tree Protocol