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Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor (SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It is secreted by mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells , but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells and T cells .
Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta (HNF-3B), is a transcription factor that plays an important role during development, in mature tissues and, when dysregulated or mutated, also in cancer.
Mutations in the HNF4A gene are associated with a form of diabetes called maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), [14] specifically MODY 1. At least 56 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered. [15] Increased amplification of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha has been observed in colorectal cancer. [16]
HNF1 homeobox A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A), also known as HNF1A, is a human gene on chromosome 12. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. [ 8 ] The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the liver and is involved in the regulation of the expression ...
Mutations in the HNF4A gene have been linked to maturity onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1). [8] This seems to be caused by HNF4-a's role in the synthesis of SHBG, which is known to be severely diminished in patients with insulin-resistance.
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor) [5] [6] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MET gene.The protein possesses tyrosine kinase activity. [7] The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor.
Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) are a group of phylogenetically unrelated transcription factors that regulate the transcription of a diverse group of genes into proteins. These proteins include blood clotting factors and in addition, enzymes and transporters involved with glucose , cholesterol , and fatty acid transport and metabolism .
This gene is a vital part of proliferation and segregation. It's important "as the transcription factor regulates the expression of genes that are involved in the immune and inflammatory response, it includes the gluconeogenic pathway and liver recovery. It has a probiotic effect on many cell types, like hepatocytes and adipocytes.