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The institutional framework of public finance is the government budget or public budget. The budgetary system is a system of popular approval and oversight of the state's financial activities. The history of constitutional politics can be described as the history of the establishment of the modern budgetary system. [8]
Public health, law enforcement, natural resources, and science. Housing assistance and community services. Foreign affairs and other expenditures. Figure B provides a snapshot of the major discretionary government spending categories as of the fiscal year 2019 budget approved by Congress.
Resource generation, resource allocation, and expenditure management (resource utilization) are the essential components of a public financial management system. The following subdivisions form the subject matter of public finance.
Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments. [1] [2] In national income accounting, the acquisition by governments of goods and services for current use, to directly satisfy the individual or collective needs of the community, is classed as government final consumption expenditure.
This article lists countries alphabetically, with total government expenditure as percentage of Gross domestic product (GDP) for the listed countries. Also stated is the government revenue and net lending/borrowing of the government as percentage of GDP.
Public expenditure tracking system (PETS) is a system that presents financial information that enables stakeholders to track the source of money and where it is being dispensed. PETS also allows the service users to reconcile incoming funds with expenditures. It is sometimes referred to as "following the money".