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The rules of Go govern the play of the game of Go, a two-player board game. The rules have seen some variation over time and from place to place. This article discusses those sets of rules broadly similar to the ones currently in use in East Asia. Even among these, there is a degree of variation.
The American Go Association adopted a uniform standard deviation of 104, [10] i.e. slightly more than one rank, while the European Go Federation ratings have a sliding standard of deviation from 200 for beginners down to 70 for top players. [6] The IGS has a fixed standard deviation for all levels of play, but a non-standard distribution. [11]
Lasker's book Go and Go-moku (1934) helped spread the game throughout the U.S., [97] and in 1935, the American Go Association was formed. Two years later, in 1937, the German Go Association was founded. World War II put a stop to most Go activity, since it was a popular game in Japan, but after the war, Go continued to spread. [98]
The name of the video game company Atari came from the term used while playing the game because co-founder Nolan Bushnell was a fan of the game. [12] Sente Technologies and Tengen also derive their names from Go terms.
The atomic bomb Go game is a celebrated game of Go that was in progress when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945. The venue of the game was in the suburbs of Hiroshima, about 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) from ground zero. [4] The game was about to enter its third and final day of play when the bomb dropped at 8:15 am.
A key concept in the tactics of Go, though not part of the rules, is the classification of groups of stones into alive, dead or unsettled. At the end of the game, groups that cannot avoid being captured during normal play are removed as captures. These stones are dead. Groups can reach this state much earlier during play; a group of stones can ...
Most strong Computer Go programs since 2008 do not actually use Benson's algorithm. "Knowledge-based" approaches to Go that attempt to simulate human strategy proved to not be very effective, and later approaches generally used tools such as Monte Carlo random playouts to "score" positions. [3]
A Go professional is a professional player of the game of Go. The minimum standard to acquire a professional diploma through one of the major Go organisations is very high. The competition is tremendous, and prize incentives for champion players are very large. For example, the Honinbo Tournament has a grand prize of about $350,000.