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  2. Descartes' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes'_theorem

    Descartes' theorem still applies when one of the circles is replaced by a straight line of zero curvature. If one of the three circles is replaced by a straight line tangent to the remaining circles, then its curvature is zero and drops out of equation (1). For instance, if =, then equation (1) can be factorized as [31]

  3. Miquel's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel's_theorem

    Miquel's theorem is a result in geometry, named after Auguste Miquel, [1] concerning the intersection of three circles, each drawn through one vertex of a triangle and two points on its adjacent sides. It is one of several results concerning circles in Euclidean geometry due to Miquel, whose work was published in Liouville's newly founded ...

  4. Borromean rings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borromean_rings

    Borromean rings. In mathematics, the Borromean rings[a] are three simple closed curves in three-dimensional space that are topologically linked and cannot be separated from each other, but that break apart into two unknotted and unlinked loops when any one of the three is cut or removed. Most commonly, these rings are drawn as three circles in ...

  5. Thales's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales's_theorem

    In geometry, Thales's theorem states that if A, B, and C are distinct points on a circle where the line AC is a diameter, the angle ∠ ABC is a right angle. Thales's theorem is a special case of the inscribed angle theorem and is mentioned and proved as part of the 31st proposition in the third book of Euclid 's Elements. [ 1 ]

  6. Problem of Apollonius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Apollonius

    These two circles determine a pencil, meaning a line L in the P 3 of circles. If the equations of C 0 and C ∞ are f and g, respectively, then the points on L correspond to the circles whose equations are Sf + Tg, where [S : T] is a point of P 1. The points where L meets Z D are precisely the circles in the pencil that are tangent to D.

  7. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    t. e. The number π (/ paɪ /; spelled out as " pi ") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics.

  8. Tangent lines to circles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_lines_to_circles

    Tangent lines to circles. In Euclidean plane geometry, a tangent line to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point, never entering the circle's interior. Tangent lines to circles form the subject of several theorems, and play an important role in many geometrical constructions and proofs.

  9. Circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle

    C = 2πR. A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter.