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The Kushan dynasty had diplomatic contacts with the Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, the Aksumite Empire, and the Han dynasty of China. The Kushan Empire was at the center of trade relations between the Roman Empire and China: according to Alain Daniélou, "for a time, the Kushana Empire was the centerpoint of the major civilizations". [33]
Kanishka I, [a] also known as Kanishka the Great, [5] was an emperor of the Kushan dynasty, under whose reign (c. 127 –150 CE) the empire reached its zenith. [6] He is famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements.
During the 2nd century CE, Kanishka, one of the most powerful rulers of the Kushan Empire, embarked on a series of military campaigns to expand his empire's borders.By invading Central Asia, Kanishka sought to secure Kushan dominance over the Silk Road, bolster the empire's economy, and facilitate the spread of culture and religion, particularly Buddhism, into the region.
Portrait of Kushano-Sasanian ruler Hormizd I Kushanshah (c. 277-286 CE) in Kushan style.. The Sassanids, shortly after victory over the Parthians, extended their dominion into Bactria during the reign of Ardashir I around 230 CE, then further to the eastern parts of their empire in western Pakistan during the reign of his son Shapur I (240–270).
Pax Kushana or Pax Kushanica (Latin for "Kushan Peace", modelled after Pax Romana) is a historiographical term sometimes used to describe the social and economic peace in the regions under the Kushan Empire between 2nd and 4th centuries AD, notably in the Indus Valley, Gandhara and parts of Central Asia. [1] [2]
The Sasanian–Kushan Wars were a series of wars between the newly established Persian Sasanian empire, under Ardashir I and later his successor Shapur I, against the declining Kushan empire. These wars resulted in the eastward expansion of the Sasanians who conquered much of the Kushan territory including Bactria , Gandhara and Sogdia . [ 1 ]
Kanishka II (Brahmi: ππΈπ‘πΊπ±ππ; KΔ-αΉi-αΉ£ka) was one of the emperors of the Kushan Empire from around 232-247 CE. He succeeded Vasudeva I who is considered to be the last great Kushan emperor. [1]
Buddhism first entered China during the Han, spread by missionaries from Parthia and the Kushan Empire of northern India and Central Asia. From its beginning, the Han imperial court was threatened by plots of treason and revolt from its subordinate kingdoms , eventually ruled only by royal Liu family members.