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Columbus before the Queen, imagined by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1843. This timeline of European exploration lists major geographic discoveries and other firsts credited to or involving Europeans during the Age of Discovery and the following centuries, between the years AD 1418 and 1957.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, many of the classical Greek texts were translated into Arabic and preserved in the medieval Islamic world, from where the Greek classics along with Arabic science and philosophy were transmitted to Western Europe and translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century and 13th century. [22] [23] [24]
Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization by Bruce Thornton, Encounter Books, 2002; How the Irish Saved Civilization: The Untold Story of Ireland's Heroic Role from the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Medieval Europe by Thomas Cahill, 1995. Atlas of World Military History, edited by Richard Brooks. New York: HarperCollins, 2000.
Toggle Events subsection. 1.1 800. 1.1 ... Empire is formed in Western Europe, ... point for caravans between North Africa and the western Sudan (approximate date).
A number of popular modern sports were devised or codified in the United Kingdom during the 19th century and obtained global prominence; these include ping pong, modern tennis, association football, netball and rugby. [188] Football (or soccer) remains hugely popular in Europe, but has grown from its origins to be known as the world game.
Western Europe was forced to discover new trading routes, as happened with Columbus' travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama's circumnavigation of India and Africa in 1498. The numerous wars did not prevent European states from exploring and conquering wide portions of the world, from Africa to Asia and the newly discovered Americas.
1620: Diplomatic agreements in Europe commence a three-year period of cooperation between the Dutch and the English over the spice trade. [2] 1621: The Battle of Chocim: Poles and Cossacks under Jan Karol Chodkiewicz defeat the Ottomans. 1622: Capture of Ormuz; The island of Hormuz was captured by an Anglo-Persian force from Portuguese.
North of Mexico the only settlements were Saint Augustine and the isolated outpost in northern New Mexico. Exploration of the interior was largely abandoned after the 1540s. Around Newfoundland 500 or more boats annually were fishing for cod and some fishermen were trading for furs, especially at Tadoussac on the Saint Lawrence.