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Symbols are used to represent geographic phenomena, which exist in, and are represented by, a variety of spatial forms. Different kinds of symbols are used to portray different spatial forms. [1] Phenomena can be categorized a number of ways, but two are most relevant to symbology: ontological form and dimensionality.
Eighteen states use the manual without alterations; 22 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have adopted it in conjunction with a supplemental volume; and ten states have a state version in substantial conformance to the MUTCD. [3]
Default colour scheme is black text on white background, although the Queen Elizabeth Way uses blue "QEW" on gold, and provincially-maintained toll highways (407, 412 and 418) use white route numbers on blue. These shields used to be emblazoned with "The King's Highway" across the top, but the wording has been removed since the 1990s.
Traffic signs, including warning signs contain many specialized symbols (see article for list) DOT pictograms; ISO 7001; Exit sign, a.k.a. "running man" [1] Gender symbols for public toilets; Map symbol. Japanese map symbols; International Breastfeeding Symbol; International Symbol of Access; Barber's pole
As a result, different nations can have wildly different direction signs; the United States uses verbose green gantry signs almost universally in built up areas, with few diagrams beyond basic arrows, [7] while the United Kingdom, Ireland and Iceland use signs with fewer words but detailed maps of the approaching junctions.
Example of an original U.S. Route shield, with the state name of "Michigan" and route number of "27" displayed in the original block font. The original design of the shield was presented in the January 1927 edition of the Manual and Specifications for the Manufacture, Display, and Erection of U.S. Standard Road Markers and Signs, the precursor to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ...
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Typography, as an aspect of cartographic design, is the craft of designing and placing text on a map in support of the map symbols, together representing geographic features and their properties. It is also often called map labeling or lettering, but typography is more in line with the general usage of typography.