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Although S. epidermidis is not usually pathogenic, patients with compromised immune systems are at risk of developing infection. These infections are generally hospital-acquired. [4] S. epidermidis is a particular concern for people with catheters or other surgical implants because it is known to form biofilms that grow on these devices. [5]
Dispersin B is produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative oral bacterium, when it needs to detach and disperse adherent bacterial cells. [4] A. actinomycetemcomitans forms asymmetric biofilm lobed colonies that release single cells or small clusters of bacterial cells, which can attach to nearby surfaces, form new colonies, and enable the biofilm to spread.
The formation of biofilm and structure of EPS share a lot of similarities with bacterial ones. The formation of biofilm starts with reversible absorption of floating cells to the surface. Followed by production of EPS, the adsorption will get irreversible. EPS will colonize the cells at the surface with hydrogen bonding.
In addition to producing a slimy substance, S. epidermidis can anchor itself to the surface of the implant using foot-like processes. [49] These projections extend from the bacterial cell wall and attach to the implant in linear arrangements, either singly or in multiples. [note 3]
Microbial mats and less complex types of biofilm are found at temperature ranges from –40 °C to +120 °C, because variations in pressure affect the temperatures at which water remains liquid. [3] They even appear as endosymbionts in some animals, for example in the hindguts of some echinoids. [10]
P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are some of the most ubiquitous pathogens in biofilms found in healthcare. [4] P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, commonly found in the gut flora, soil, and water that can be spread directly or indirectly to patients in healthcare settings.
Potential probiotic treatment includes the use of Staphylococcus epidermidis to inhibit C. acnes growth. S. epidermidis produces succinic acid which has been shown to inhibit C. acnes growth. [42] Lactobacillus plantarum has also been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory and improve antimicrobial properties of the skin when applied topically ...
Starting very early, research into biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis has served as a model for other staphylococci such as Staphylococcus aureus and other CoNS species. Moreover, data also showed that S. capitis have a strain (AYP1020) that researchers use to general genomic characteristics compared to S. epidermidis’ strain ...