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Tabular cross-bedding, or planar bedding consists of cross-bedded units that are extensive horizontally relative to the set thickness and that have essentially planar bounding surfaces. [3] Trough cross-bedding, on the other hand, consists of cross-bedded units in which the bounding surfaces are curved, and hence limited in horizontal extent. [3]
Cross-bedding and scour in a fine sandstone (Logan Formation, Mississippian, Jackson County, Ohio) A teepee structure in modern halite deposits along the western shore of the Dead Sea, Israel. These structures are within sedimentary bedding and can help with the interpretation of depositional environment and paleocurrent directions. They are ...
Hummocky cross-stratification from the Book Cliffs, Utah. Hummocky cross-stratification from the Arisag Formation (Silurian), Nova Scotia. Hummocky cross-stratification is a type of sedimentary structure found in sandstones. It is a form of cross-bedding usually formed by the action of large storms, such as hurricanes. It takes the form of a ...
During the conventional formation process of cross-stratification, sand grains saltate up the upstream side of the dune, collecting at the peak until the angle of repose is reached. At this point, the crest of granular material has grown too large and will be overcome by the force of the depositing fluid, falling down the downstream side of the ...
Cross-bedding – the axis of a trough cross bed or the down-dip direction of a tabular cross bed point the direction of paleo flow. Current ripple marks – will have the short side of the ripple pointing down stream. Sole markings/flute casts – the short, steep side will point up stream, and the long, tapered side points down stream.
Flaser bedding, vertical cross section. If the amount of deposited sand exceeds mud deposits, we get ripples with isolated mud drapes in ripple troughs and crests. This type of sedimentary structure is called flaser bedding. Flaser bedding can be subdivided according to how the mud is deposited over the rippled sand.
Cross-bedding in Zion National Park, Utah. Both the tangential bases on the cross beds and the truncations of overlying layers can be used as a way up indicator. A dinosaur footprint preserved in positive relief is a trace fossil indicating the bottom (or sole) of the bed (Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, southwestern Utah).
In geology, a bed is a layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or volcanic rock "bounded above and below by more or less well-defined bedding surfaces". [1] A bedding surface or bedding plane is respectively a curved surface or plane that visibly separates each successive bed (of the same or different lithology ) from the preceding or following bed.