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  2. False equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_equivalence

    Apples and oranges are both similar-sized seeded fruits that grow on trees, but that does not make the two interchangeable. A false equivalence or false equivalency is an informal fallacy in which an equivalence is drawn between two subjects based on flawed or false reasoning. This fallacy is categorized as a fallacy of inconsistency. [1]

  3. Similarity (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity_(geometry)

    Similar figures. In Euclidean geometry, two objects are similar if they have the same shape, or if one has the same shape as the mirror image of the other.More precisely, one can be obtained from the other by uniformly scaling (enlarging or reducing), possibly with additional translation, rotation and reflection.

  4. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite

    Complementary antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite but whose meanings do not lie on a continuous spectrum (push, pull). Relational antonyms are word pairs where opposite makes sense only in the context of the relationship between the two meanings (teacher, pupil). These more restricted meanings may not apply in all scholarly ...

  5. Cosine similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosine_similarity

    The resulting similarity ranges from -1 meaning exactly opposite, to 1 meaning exactly the same, with 0 indicating orthogonality or decorrelation, while in-between values indicate intermediate similarity or dissimilarity. For text matching, the attribute vectors A and B are usually the term frequency vectors of the documents.

  6. Unity of opposites - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_of_opposites

    Anaximander posited that every element had an opposite, or was connected to an opposite (water is cold, fire is hot). Thus, the material world was said to be composed of an infinite, boundless apeiron from which arose the elements (earth, air, fire, water) and pairs of opposites (hot/cold, wet/dry).

  7. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    The opposite bias, of not attributing feelings or thoughts to another person, is dehumanised perception, [23] a type of objectification. Attentional bias, the tendency of perception to be affected by recurring thoughts. [24] Frequency illusion or Baader–Meinhof phenomenon.

  8. Similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity

    Similarity (geometry), the property of sharing the same shape Matrix similarity, a relation between matrices; Similarity measure, a function that quantifies the similarity of two objects

  9. Binary opposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_opposition

    The political (rather than analytic or conceptual) critique of binary oppositions is an important part of third wave feminism, post-colonialism, post-anarchism, and critical race theory, which argue that the perceived binary dichotomy between man/woman, civilized/uncivilised, and white/black have perpetuated and legitimized societal power structures favoring a specific majority.