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CNG must be stored in high-pressure cylinders (21,000 to 25,000 kPa (3,000 to 3,600 psi)), and LNG must be stored in cryogenic cylinders (−162 to −129 °C (−260 to −200 °F)). These cylinders take up more space than gasoline or diesel tanks that can be molded in intricate shapes to store more fuel and use less on-vehicle space.
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel gas mainly composed of methane (CH 4), compressed to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 20–25 megapascals (2,900–3,600 psi; 200–250 bar), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
A hydrostatic test involves pressurising the cylinder to its test pressure (usually 5/3 or 3/2 of the working pressure) and measuring its volume before and after the test. A permanent increase in volume above the tolerated level means the cylinder fails the test and must be permanently removed from service. [3]: sect. 5.7.3
A hydrostatic test is a way in which pressure vessels such as pipelines, plumbing, gas cylinders, boilers and fuel tanks can be tested for strength and leaks. The test involves filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak detection , and pressurization of the vessel to the specified ...
There is a wide range of standards relating to the manufacture, use and testing of pressurised gas cylinders and related components. Some examples are listed here. ISO 11439: Gas cylinders — High-pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles [28]
ICC – isolation confirmation (or control) certificate; ICD – inflow control device; ICEX;IECEx – international electrotechnical commission system for certification to standards relating to equipment for use in explosive atmospheres (EEHA) ICP – initial circulating pressure; ICP – intermediate casing point; ICP – inductively coupled ...
The storage cylinders may be used independently in sequence using a portable transfer whip with a pressure gauge and manual bleed valve, to transfill the receiving cylinder until the appropriate fill pressure has been reached, or the storage cylinders may be connected to a manifold system and a filling control panel with one or more filling whips.
The Brazilian Fiat Siena Tetrafuel 1.4 is the first bi-fuel car that runs on natural gas (CNG) alternating automatically with any of the typical fuel blends used in flexible-fuel vehicles, pure gasoline, or gasohol E25, or just ethanol . Shown below are the CNG storage tanks in the trunk.