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Representation of the stages of processing in a typical reaction time paradigm. Mental chronometry is the scientific study of processing speed or reaction time on cognitive tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of mental operations.
Much of the early work that applied a predictive coding framework to neural mechanisms came from sensory processing, particularly in the visual cortex. [3] [12] These theories assume that the cortical architecture can be divided into hierarchically stacked levels, which correspond to different cortical regions. Every level is thought to house ...
The specious present is the time duration wherein a state of consciousness is experienced as being in the present. [11] The term was first introduced by the philosopher E. R. Clay in 1882 (E. Robert Kelly), [12] [13] and was further developed by William James. [13]
Many neuroscientists believe that the human mind is largely an emergent property of the information processing of its neuronal network. [9]Neuroscientists have stated that important functions performed by the mind, such as learning, memory, and consciousness, are due to purely physical and electrochemical processes in the brain and are governed by applicable laws.
Temporal averaging can work well in cases where the stimulus is constant or slowly varying and does not require a fast reaction of the organism — and this is the situation usually encountered in experimental protocols. Real-world input, however, is hardly stationary, but often changing on a fast time scale.
As early as 2006, researchers at Georgia Tech published a field programmable neural array. [13] This chip was the first in a line of increasingly complex arrays of floating gate transistors that allowed programmability of charge on the gates of MOSFETs to model the channel-ion characteristics of neurons in the brain and was one of the first cases of a silicon programmable array of neurons.
Information processing theory is the approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of the American experimental tradition in psychology. Developmental psychologists who adopt the information processing perspective account for mental development in terms of maturational changes in basic components of a child's mind .
These components include: processing speed, the rate at which information is processed in our processing system; breadth of declarative knowledge, the size of an individual's factual information store; breadth of procedural skill, the ability to perform the actual skill; and processing capacity, synonymous with working memory.