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Like many monoxides, MnO adopts the rock salt structure, where cations and anions are both octahedrally coordinated.Also like many oxides, manganese(II) oxide is often nonstoichiometric: its composition can vary from MnO to MnO 1.045.
Mn 3 O 4 has the spinel structure, where the oxide ions are cubic close packed and the Mn II occupy tetrahedral sites and the Mn III octahedral sites. [3] The structure is distorted due to the Jahn–Teller effect. [3]
It may refer more specifically to the following manganese minerals: Birnessite, (Na,Ca) 0.5 (Mn IV,Mn III) 2 O 4 · 1.5 H 2 O; Buserite, MnO 2 ·nH 2 O; Hausmannite, Mn II Mn III 2 O 4; Manganite, Mn III O(OH)
Several polymorphs of MnO 2 are claimed, as well as a hydrated form. Like many other dioxides, MnO 2 crystallizes in the rutile crystal structure (this polymorph is called pyrolusite or β-MnO 2), with three-coordinate oxide anions and octahedral metal centres. [4] MnO 2 is characteristically nonstoichiometric, being deficient in oxygen.
One example is the blue anion hypomanganate [MnO 4] 3−. [30] Mn(IV) is somewhat enigmatic because it is common in nature but far rarer in synthetic chemistry. The most common Mn ore, pyrolusite, is MnO 2. It is the dark brown pigment of many cave drawings [31] but is also a common ingredient in dry cell batteries. [32]
Heating MnO 2 in air at below 800 °C produces α-Mn 2 O 3 (higher temperatures produce Mn 3 O 4). [5] γ-Mn 2 O 3 can be produced by oxidation followed by dehydration of manganese(II) hydroxide. [5] Many preparations of nano-crystalline Mn 2 O 3 have been reported, for example syntheses involving oxidation of Mn II salts or reduction of MnO 2 ...
However, the name is usually used to refer to the tetraoxidomanganate(2−) anion, MnO 2− 4, also known as manganate(VI) because it contains manganese in the +6 oxidation state. [1] Manganates are the only known manganese(VI) compounds. [2] Other manganates include hypomanganate or manganate(V), MnO 3− 4, permanganate or manganate(VII), MnO −
Superexchange or Kramers–Anderson superexchange interaction, is a prototypical indirect exchange coupling between neighboring magnetic moments (usually next-nearest neighboring cations, see the schematic illustration of MnO below) by virtue of exchanging electrons through a non-magnetic anion known as the superexchange center.