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There are generally two ways that equality is formalized in mathematics: through logic or through set theory. In logic, equality is a primitive predicate (a statement that may have free variables) with the reflexive property (called the Law of identity), and the substitution property. From those, one can derive the rest of the properties ...
In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments in geometry is a common example of an equivalence relation. A simpler example is equality. Any number is equal to itself (reflexive).
Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle , the point (,) = (, ) lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation + =.Thus, + =. In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables ...
A proportion is a mathematical statement expressing equality of two ratios. [1] [2]: =: a and d are called extremes, b and c are called means. Proportion can be written as =, where ratios are expressed as fractions.
In mathematics, a law is a formula that is always true within a given context. [1] Laws describe a relationship , between two or more expressions or terms (which may contain variables ), usually using equality or inequality , [ 2 ] or between formulas themselves, for instance, in mathematical logic .
The figure at the right shows three examples beginning with clear inequality (top) and approaching equality (bottom). In the Euclidean case, equality occurs only if the triangle has a 180° angle and two 0° angles, making the three vertices collinear, as shown in the bottom example. Thus, in Euclidean geometry, the shortest distance between ...
Geometry (from Ancient Greek γεωμετρία (geōmetría) 'land measurement'; from γῆ (gê) 'earth, land' and μέτρον (métron) 'a measure') [1] is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. [2]
A term's definition may require additional properties that are not listed in this table. A homogeneous relation R on the set X is a transitive relation if, [ 1 ] for all a , b , c ∈ X , if a R b and b R c , then a R c .